ChinaChao Rong 1,two, *, Hai-Feng Jiang three , Rui-Wen Zhang 4 , Li-Juan Zhang 4 , Jian-Chen Zhang 5 , Jing

ChinaChao Rong 1,2, *, Hai-Feng Jiang three , Rui-Wen Zhang four , Li-Juan Zhang 4 , Jian-Chen Zhang five , Jing Zhang six and Xue-Shan Feng 1,1 2 three four five 6*School of Public Wellness, Fudan University, Ffects computing time, and it's necessary to study to what Shanghai 200032, China; Anagement, there might be some variations among the outcomes of this xsfeng@shmu.edu.cn School of Humanities and Social Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310053, China Shanghai Mental Wellness Center, Shanghai 200030, China; rcnj2008@163.com Technological and Industrial Promotion Center of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China; guanlishui@126.com (R.-W.Z.); zhanglj@biopham.sh.cn (L.-J.Z.) Drug Control Workplace, Shanghai 200129, China; zhangjc88@sina.com The Council of Shanghai Ziqiang Social Services, Shanghai 200030, China; isurevictory@163.com Crucial Laboratory of Public Well being Security, Ministry title= journal.pone.0073519 of Education, Shanghai 200032, China Correspondence: 12111020023@fudan.edu.cn; Tel.: +86-571-8661-Academic Editors: Amie Hayley and Joris Cornelis Verster Received: 30 November 2015; Accepted: 25 January 2016; Published: 28 JanuaryAbstract: Background: Lots of nations which includes China are facing a significant opiate dependence challenge. This study aims to analyze the factors influencing heroin addict relapse, and to provide evidence for creating relapse prevention strategies. Methods: A community-based follow-up study was conducted in China among October 2010 and September 2012. A total of 554 heroin addicts in accordance using the inclusion criteria from 81 streets in 12 districts of Shanghai, China have been divided into 4 groups: group 1--daily dosage taken orally of 60 mL of methadone or below combined with psychological counseling and social supports (n = 130); group 2--daily dosage taken orally of over 60 mL of methadone combined with psychological counseling and social supports (n = 50); group 3--JTT (Jitai tablets) combined with psychological counseling and social supports (n = 206); group 4--JTT combined with social supports (n = 168). Outcomes: Log-rank test outcomes showed that the cumulative relapse rate variations amongst 4 groups through the two-year follow-up period weren't statistically considerable (2 = five.889, p = 0.117). Multivariate Cox regression analysis outcomes showed that only three independent variables have been nevertheless statistically important, which includes compliance with participation in psychological counseling (OR = 3.563, p = 0.000), the years of drug use (OR = 1.078, p = 0.001)and intervention model. Conclusions: Making use of the detoxification medicines combined with appropriate psychological counseling and social help measures will enable improve the effectiveness of relapse prevention, which can be a sort of alternative community detoxification pattern. Proper and typical title= rstb.2014.0252 psychological counseling is extremely crucial for anti-drug remedy. The longer the drug addiction lasts, the longer the anti-drug therapy requires. Search phrases: community-based drug treatment; methadone; Jitai tablets; psychological counseling; follow-up study1. Introduction A lot of nations are facing a really serious challenge with opiate dependence. In line with a report title= 2750858.2807526 by the United Nations Workplace on Drugs and Crime (UNODC) from the Chinese Ministry of Public Safety in 2014, global drug trafficking has involved more than 170 nations and regions with an annual drugInt. J. Environ. Res. Public Wellness 2016, 13, 177; doi:10.3390/ijerph13020177 www.mdpi.com/journal/ijerphInt. J. Environ. Res. Public Overall health 2016, 13,two o.