Bearbeiten von „, Rose H, Morrow MP, Pushkarsky T, Dubrovsky L, et al. (2006) Human“

In a single study, Robin [http://hope4men.org.uk/members/break94cellar/activity/794970/ Other factors, {there is|there's|there is] Naidoo and Taylor Ricketts weigh the financial value of 5 ecosystem services against the charges of conservation in the Atlantic forests of Paraguay. Within the second study, Kai Chan, Rebecca Shaw, Gretchen Every day, and colleagues present a strategy for integrating ecosystem services into biodiversity conservation plans in California's Central Coast ecoregion to systematically determine priorities for conservation. Naidoo and Ricketts assessed five ecosystem services-- sustainable bushmeat harvest, sustainable timber harvest, pharmaceutical bioprospecting, existence worth (the intrinsic value of unspoiled wilderness), and carbon storage (forest conversion releases carbon dioxide)--provided by forests inside the Mbaracayu Biosphere Reserve. The reserve--once covered by 90  forest but now hugely fragmented and threatened beyond a protected core--supports large-scale cattle ranching, soybean production, and small-scale farming, as well as hunting and foraging by the indigenous Ache. Within a prior study (co-authored by Naidoo), the opportunity fees of conserving forested land had been estimated by integrating anticipated agricultural production values together with the probability of forests becoming converted to agriculture; the latter was calculated based on previous patterns of deforestation. This process supplied an estimate on the chance costs of conservation for every single hectare of forest within the reserve. To calculate conservation rewards, Naidoo and Rickets determined the beneficiaries and value of every ecosystem service per forest parcel across six forest varieties. There is no market price for bushmeat since it can't be legally traded, so the authors calculated its value in component by multiplying the nearby cost of a kilogram of store-bought beef (US 1.44) occasions the anticipated meat production (from 12 wild game species) for every forest hectare. Sixteen tree species inside the reserve had been utilised to estimate the average worth of marketable timber per standing tree (US six.87), assuming a sustainable harvest. Bioprospecting value was calculated depending on drug companies' willingness to spend for potentially marketable forest-derived drugs. Existence worth was estim., Rose H, Morrow MP, Pushkarsky T, Dubrovsky L, et al. (2006) Human immunodeficiency virus impairs reverse cholesterol transport from macrophages. DOI: 10.1371/journal.pbio.| eAssessing Ecosystem Solutions to Determine Conservation PrioritiesLiza Gross | DOI: 10.1371/journal.pbio.0040392 Efforts to save wilderness typically play out inside a winlose framework, pitting conservation against economic chance. But as human pressures on wildlands continue to escalate, conservation biologists are seeking win-win approaches, depending on the notion that ecosystems present many economic benefits--wetlands mitigate flooding, for example--to a wide variety of beneficiaries. By quantifying these ecosystem solutions and also the "opportunity" costs of not building habitat, planners can identify places that give critical ecosystem solutions and identify who benefits from these solutions and who incurs fees. But quantifying charges and added benefits plus the flow of ecosystem services across a variable landscape is often a daunting task. Therefore far, it has not been clear to what degree regular conservation plans for biodiversity also defend worthwhile ecosystem services. Taking complementary approaches to this issue, two new studies use spatially explicit models to incorporate ecosystem services into conservation preparing. In one study, Robin Naidoo and Taylor Ricketts weigh the financial value of 5 ecosystem solutions against the charges of conservation in the Atlantic forests of Paraguay. In the second study, Kai Chan, Rebecca Shaw, Gretchen Every day, and colleagues present a strategy for integrating ecosystem solutions into biodiversity conservation plans in California's Central Coast ecoregion to systematically recognize priorities for conservation.