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These unaffiliated respondents have to be kept inside the purchase Dimethylenastron sample for all analyses to ensure appropriate specification on the network portion with the model (e.g., Huisman 2009; Huisman and Steglich 2008). This scheme follows the denominational coding outlined by Steensland and colleagues (2000), even though we combine the Jewish and "other" religion categories on account of tiny number of respondents in these groups.three Second, t.A Author Manuscript NIH-PA Author Manuscript NIH-PA Author Manuscript1Although some researchers combine measures of religion into scales, like public and private religiosity (e.g., Nonnemaker, McNeely, and Blum 2006), we examine single-item indicators for 3 motives. Very first, because this is the first analysis to simultaneously model selection and influence inside the religious homogeneity of adolescents' social networks, we didn't choose to assume that selection and influence operate the exact same across unique aspects of religion. Second, as recent research shows (e.g., Schwadel 2011), person attributes can influence different indicators of religion in exclusive methods, which can lead to misleading benefits if measures of religion are combined into scales. Third, the models we employ are developed to work with ordinal dependent variables making scales much more complex to use. 2Due to an unfortunate skip pattern in Add Health, adolescents with no religious affiliation weren't asked about their religious beliefs and activities. These unaffiliated respondents has to be kept in the sample for all analyses to make sure right specification of the network portion with the model (e.g., Huisman 2009; Huisman and Steglich 2008). Consequently, we code unaffiliated respondents as never attending solutions or youth solutions, as not becoming born again, as placing no importance in religion, and as by no means praying. This coding most closely reflects what we know about unaffiliated adolescents. For example, in line with Wave 1 of the National Study of Youth and Religion, a nationally representative survey of adolescents ages 13 to 17, 94 % of unaffiliated adolescents never ever attend religious solutions (when compared with significantly less than 8 % of affiliated title= npp.2015.196 adolescents), only title= genetics.115.182410 13 % of unaffiliated adolescents say religion is quite or extremely vital in everyday life (when compared with 55 percent of affiliated teens), and much more than half of all unaffiliated adolescents under no circumstances pray (when compared with much less than 10 percent of affiliated adolescents) (see Smith and Denton 2003 for details on the National Study of Youth and Religion).Soc Sci Res. Author manuscript; obtainable in PMC 2013 September 01.Cheadle and SchwadelPageThe last dependent variable, the friendship network matrix, is used to map whom each adolescent views to become a friend over time. The network therefore reflects the peers every adolescent views to be a close friend at every single wave. This includes "best mates," but is just not limited to them because our definition of friendship captures person views onto their network and not dyadic consensus reflecting reciprocal ties (e.g., Prinstein 2007). The adolescent friendship network at every wave is constructed from two sets of variables requesting nominations of up to 5 male and 5 female buddies from the school roster. The total sample tends to make use of all obtainable nominations. Handle variables--For controls we involve regardless of whether the respondent is female (=1), grade (range: 7?2th), regardless of whether the youth is white (=1), and whether the parent is single (=1). Religion is also incorporated in two methods.