A Author Manuscript NIH-PA Author Manuscript NIH-PA Author Manuscript1Although some: Unterschied zwischen den Versionen

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This coding most closely reflects what we know about unaffiliated adolescents. For example, based on Wave 1 from the National Study of Youth and Religion, a nationally representative survey of adolescents ages 13 to 17, 94 percent of unaffiliated adolescents never attend religious solutions (compared to significantly less than eight % of affiliated title= npp.2015.196 adolescents), only title= genetics.115.182410 13 percent of unaffiliated adolescents say religion is extremely or incredibly essential in day-to-day life (compared to 55 % of affiliated teens), and much more than half of all unaffiliated adolescents by no means pray (in comparison to much less than 10 percent of affiliated adolescents) (see Smith and Denton 2003 for data around the National Study of Youth and Religion).Soc Sci Res. Author manuscript; available in PMC 2013 September 01.Cheadle and SchwadelPageThe last dependent variable, the friendship network matrix, is used to map whom every single AMI-1 solubility adolescent views to be a pal more than time. The network therefore reflects the peers each adolescent views to be a close friend at each wave. This involves "best friends," but isn't limited to them considering that our definition of friendship captures person views onto their network and not dyadic consensus reflecting reciprocal ties (e.g., Prinstein 2007). The adolescent friendship network at every single wave is constructed from two sets of variables requesting nominations of up to 5 male and 5 female close friends in the school roster. The total sample makes use of all out there nominations. Handle variables--For controls we involve whether or not the respondent is female (=1), grade (range: 7?2th), no matter if the youth is white (=1), and no matter if the parent is single (=1). Religion is also incorporated in two strategies. First, religious tradition is incorporated using the following categories: evangelical protestant (ref.), title= c5nr04156b mainline protestant, Catholic, other religious affiliation, and no religious affiliation. This scheme follows the denominational coding FIPI site outlined by Steensland and colleagues (2000), although we combine the Jewish and "other" religion categories resulting from modest variety of respondents in these groups.3 Second, t.A Author Manuscript NIH-PA Author Manuscript NIH-PA Author Manuscript1Although some researchers combine measures of religion into scales, which include public and private religiosity (e.g., Nonnemaker, McNeely, and Blum 2006), we examine single-item indicators for three factors. First, given that this can be the first analysis to simultaneously model selection and influence within the religious homogeneity of adolescents' social networks, we didn't would like to assume that selection and influence operate exactly the same across distinctive aspects of religion. Second, as recent analysis shows (e.g., Schwadel 2011), individual attributes can impact distinctive indicators of religion in one of a kind strategies, which can lead to misleading final results if measures of religion are combined into scales. Third, the models we employ are made to operate with ordinal dependent variables creating scales additional difficult to use. 2Due to an unfortunate skip pattern in Add Overall health, adolescents with no religious affiliation weren't asked about their religious beliefs and activities. These unaffiliated respondents have to be kept in the sample for all analyses to make sure appropriate specification in the network portion of the model (e.g., Huisman 2009; Huisman and Steglich 2008).