Ere the 24 hour recall (four studies), a food consumption questionnaire (FCQ) (2 studies

Ere the 24 hour recall (four research), a food consumption questionnaire (FCQ) (two studies), the Overall health Behavior in D around the time {after|following|right after|soon college Children questionnaire (1 study), Children's Eating Behavior Questionnaire (1 study), a meals and drink diary (1 study) and the Dietary Approaches to Cease Hypertension (DASH) index (1 study). Three research utilized pricing measures to examine the association involving food value and food consumption for instance FV, snack things, and FF [29,36,39]. The meals price indices of those three research were all computed from the American Chamber ofCommerce Researchers Association Cost of Living Index reports. Two further research used a store audit measure [32,33]. The study by Longacre et al. [33] utilized an audit in the quantity of in-town FF outlets to assess the connection in between in-town FF outlets and FF intake. The other study, by Leung et al. [32], employed street audit information to form a NBH "food and retail" scale to investigate if this was related with total power intake. Lastly, one study made use of an inventory checklist of fruit, juice and vegetable availability [22]. Table three shows the 16 research that employed some kind of GIS primarily based measures of neighborhood FE to capture the geographic relationship in between residents' residences and/or college and an array of food retailer forms: supermarkets, comfort stores, FF outlets, and other folks. The GIS-based measures that had been employed assessed only constructs related for the availability (presence, counts and density) and accessibility (distance to the nearest food outlet) dimensions of your community FE. In the 16 studies, two studies [28,35] applied GIS-based procedures to take a look at food retailer availability within a particular buffer zone from house; a single study examined FF accessibility within a buffer from house [23], four research examined each the availability and accessibility dimensions of food outlets and FF from home [27,30,37,40]; a single study looked at both availability and accessibility of grocery shops inside census tracts [34]; 5 research measured both the availability and accessibility dimensions ofEngler-Stringer et al. BMC Public Health 2014, 14:522 http://www.biomedcentral.com/1471-2458/14/Page 7 ofTable three The associations among the meals environment and dietary intake in research making use of GIS-based measures to capture neighborhood food environment exposureAuthor (Year) Jago et al. [27] Sample size (n) 204 Distinct exposure reported Distance to meals outlets from household and density of food outlets within a 1 mile radius of participant house FF outcome Fruit (17 kinds), 100 juice (4 forms) and vegetable (17 types) consumption Final results - Distance to the nearest smal.Ere the 24 hour recall (4 research), a food consumption questionnaire (FCQ) (two research), the Wellness Behavior in School Young children questionnaire (1 study), Children's Consuming Behavior Questionnaire (1 study), a meals and drink diary (1 study) and the Dietary Approaches to Cease Hypertension (DASH) index (1 study). In Table two the 26 research are listed by the approach they took for assessing the FE exposure. By far the most typical approach applied for measuring exposure was GIS based measures (16 research). These GIS based measures captured the geographic partnership between residents' household and/or college and healthful food outlets (grocery retailers) ?1 study [34]; and unhealthy food outlets (FF and comfort stores) ?6 studies; and a variety of meals outlet forms, such as supermarkets, convenience shops, FF outlets ?9 research.