Ecies are intermingled in a species-independent manner (Supplementary Data Fig. S

S3). HinfI sequences of Carduncellus (subfamily IV) appear intermingled devoid of separation by certain affinity (Supplementary Information Fig. S3). In the case of Rhaponticum and Klasea, sequences often be grouped by particular affinity (Supplementary Data Fig. S3). Sequences of subfamily VI of Volutaria are separated according to species of origin (Supplementary Data Fig. S3). Nonetheless, the sequences with the two distinct subfamilies identified in Cheirolophus (VII and VIII) are certainly not grouped in phylogenetic trees by distinct affinity and seem to be intermixed (Supplementary Data Fig. S3). , even though {unlike|in contrast to|as opposed to DISCUSSION HinfI sequences have already been identified to become present within the genomes of all the species analysed of subtribe Centaureinae. These species are representative on the complete selection of groups within this subtribe (Garcia-Jacas et al., 2001; Hellwig, 2004). The initial phase of radiation of the subtribe could possibly date towards the late Oligocene and Miocene. As a result, the HinfI satellite DNA would date to at the very least 28 ?23 million years ago (Garcia-Jacas et al., 2001; Hellwig, 2004). This is not widespread among satellite DNA families, specifically in plants, by far the most ancient discovered exceptionally in cycads (Cafasso et al., 2003). We identified eight HinfI subfamilies. Our results suggest that the eight HinfI subfamilies had been present within the frequent ancestor of Centaureinae, every single 1 spreading differentially in distinctive genera. The differential spreading accompanied the two key phases of radiation top to two main groups in Centaureinae (Garcia-Jacas et al., 2001; Hellwig, 2004). As a result, subfamilies V III are identified to prevail in older genera (initial phase of radiation within the subtribe, late Oligocene iocene), while a number of repeats of subfamilies VI and VII had been isolated from Carduncellus and Centaurea (derived clade). Subfamilies I V have expanded predominantly in the genomes of species belonging to the derived clade of Centaureinae (second phase of radiation, Pliocene to Pleistocene). Notably, you can find quite a few species from the early diverging groups getting subfamilies I II as the main representatives of HinfI sequences in their genomes. These data suggest that subfamilies I V have expanded not too long ago, replacing other subfamilies in derived genera and in older genera. The replacement of a single sequence variant by yet another in distinct species is often a prevalent feature of satellite DNA that could possibly be a consequence of the dynamics of satellite DNA evolution (Plohl et al., 2010, 2012). Molecular mechanisms of non-reciprocalDerived cladeIn phylogenentic analyses of subtribe Centaureinae (GarciaJacas et al., 2001), in the derived clade, the Carthamus complex occupies the earliest diverging position, and subgenera Jacea and Cyanus of Centaurea, for whi.Ecies are intermingled inside a species-independent manner (Supplementary Data Fig. S3). However, most sequences of subfamily III belonging to Phonus and Carthamus species have a tendency to be grouped by taxonomic affinity, on 1 hand the sequences of Phonus arborescens and, on the other, the sequences of Carthamus tinctorius and these of Carthamus lanatus, although you can find some intermixed sequences from every single (Supplementary Data Fig. HinfI sequences of Carduncellus (subfamily IV) seem intermingled without separation by particular affinity (Supplementary Data Fig. S3). Inside the case of Rhaponticum and Klasea, sequences are likely to be grouped by precise affinity (Supplementary Information Fig. S3). Sequences of subfamily VI of Volutaria are separated according to species of origin (Supplementary Data Fig. S3). Nevertheless, the sequences of your two diverse subfamilies identified in Cheirolophus (VII and VIII) are not grouped in phylogenetic trees by distinct affinity and seem to become intermixed (Supplementary Data Fig. S3).